Capital One

Quick Take

Capital One appears in the debanking fight from two directions. The Trump Organization sued the bank in March 2025 over the closing of more than 300 accounts in 2021. That case was still being fought in federal court in Miami as of August 2026.[3][4] On October 14, 2026, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) reported that one Capital One business line had turned away groups "on both sides of the political spectrum" under a policy on "partisan activity" that lasted until 2025.[1] In April 2025, during Trump's second term, the Federal Reserve and the OCC approved Capital One's roughly $35 billion purchase of Discover. Democrats Elizabeth Warren and Maxine Waters had opposed the deal and asked the Fed to reconsider.[5][6][7] Federal lobbying reached $4,940,000 in calendar year 2025.[8]

What the Regulator Found Inside Capital One

The OCC is the federal agency that charters and supervises national banks. Its October 14, 2026 report reviewed the nine largest national banks it oversees, including Capital One. The review was ordered under President Trump's August 2025 executive order, Executive Order 14331, "Guaranteeing Fair Banking for All Americans."[9] The agency said that between 2020 and September 2025, all nine banks had policies that may have led them to deny or limit services over customers' political or religious beliefs or lawful business activities.[10] The OCC reviewed nearly 100,000 complaints and received about 50,000 documents totaling about 420,000 pages.[10]

For Capital One, the report focused on one business line. "Until 2025, one of Capital One's business lines treated a business engaged in 'partisan activity' as presenting presumptively high reputation risk," the report said. Partisan activity meant an organization that backs candidates from a single party, is tied to a single party, or pushes one party's policies. The bank worried that serving such a group, "regardless of the political party," could look like Capital One supporting the group's position.[1]

The OCC wrote that the policy "appears to have been applied consistently to organizations on both sides of the political spectrum." Even so, it found the business line "ultimately declined to provide financial services to organizations merely for the constitutionally protected views the organizations espoused." Groups judged "bipartisan" received services.[1] The report's examples cut in several directions:

• A 2023 decision that a primary banking relationship with a group supporting reproductive rights, including abortion access, was outside the bank's risk appetite. The next year Capital One also passed on a card relationship with the same group. It cited the group's "partisan activity/controversial stance, specifically on abortion."[1]
• A second reproductive rights group ("it's become so synonymous with abortion and the Dems"). The bank approved a card relationship with that group several years later.[1]
• A public education organization: "This opportunity is likely outside of our appetite primarily due to its partisan leanings. For example, the [organization's] political arm endorses candidates and all of them are Democrats."[1]
• A gun rights organization: "[W]e passed on a relationship with [the organization] due to optics that we endorsed its position on gun rights."[1]

The report also said several high risk client reviews at Capital One flagged a religious organization. The reviews noted its stances on abortion, LGBTQ rights and other social issues, and its "ties to the world of conservative politics."[1] In another case, a business line asked in December 2024 whether the "private prison industry was still an off limits place for us." A risk officer said such customers were not banned but needed escalated approval. When the prospect came back in 2025, the OCC wrote, "It appears that Capital One ultimately declined this relationship for financial factors."[1]

Across all nine banks, the OCC said reputation risk policies "lacked clear standards and objective, risk-based criteria." It said banks had restricted sectors such as oil and gas, coal, firearms and ammunition, private detention facilities, tobacco and digital assets.[10] Comptroller Jonathan V. Gould called the report "irrefutable evidence" that the largest banks had "denied, debanked and discriminated against customers and lawful businesses." The OCC announced no fines or enforcement actions with the report. It said it was weighing further changes to how it supervises the largest banks.[10]

Capital One was also named in the OCC's preliminary findings in December 2025. Over the prior year, it had told investors it was "responding" to federal agency requests about ending services to certain customers.[11] Yahoo Finance reported that Capital One had not responded to requests for comment as of October 14, 2026.[12] Fox Business also asked the bank for comment.[13] No Capital One response to the report was found in coverage reviewed through October 15, 2026. Axios reported that banks other than JPMorgan referred questions to the Bank Policy Institute, an industry group. The group backed barring political or religious discrimination and putting "material financial risk" ahead of "reputational risk."[14]

The Trump Family's Lawsuit

On March 7, 2025, the Donald J. Trump Revocable Trust and Eric Trump sued Capital One in Miami-Dade Circuit Court. The suit said the bank closed more than 300 Trump Organization accounts in 2021 because of Trump's political views. Capital One answered at the time: "Capital One has not and does not close customer accounts for political reasons."[3]

The named defendant, the bank subsidiary Capital One, N.A., moved the case to federal court in Miami in April 2025.[15] On March 20, 2026, U.S. District Judge Roy Altman, a Trump appointee, dismissed the complaint as "deficient." He said it had "just enough" to suggest political animus but lacked specifics. He let the Trump side gather evidence from the bank and refile.[16] The plaintiffs later filed a second amended complaint.[4]

In a late July 2026 court filing, Capital One said it closed the roughly 300 accounts after "months of analysis and a careful review" by its anti-money laundering team. The bank did not accuse the Trump Organization of money laundering. It said the flagged transactions were "among the types of activity flagged by federal banking guidance." It added that the plaintiffs "were not entitled to any reason for the closure decision and received none." Trump's lawyers said Capital One de-banked Trump, his family and his businesses "for blatantly political reasons." Capital One asked the judge to dismiss the case again.[4]

Following the Money

A political action committee (PAC) collects voluntary donations, usually from employees, and gives them to candidates and committees. Capital One's PAC is registered with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) as the Capital One Financial Corp. Associates Political Fund. In the 2024 cycle, the PAC reported $677,680 in receipts and $658,425 in spending.[17] In the 2026 cycle through August 31, 2026, it reported $1,348,273.73 in receipts. It gave $1,313,000 to other committees, a category that includes candidate campaigns.[18]

OpenSecrets, a nonprofit that tracks federal campaign money, publishes a broader organization total. It adds the PAC, people who gave $200 or more and listed Capital One as their employer, and soft money. That total was $1,350,758 in the 2016 cycle, with 38.8 percent of the money given to either party going to Democrats and 61.2 percent to Republicans. In the 2020 cycle it was $2,308,613, with 71.9 percent to Democrats and 28.1 percent to Republicans. In the 2024 cycle it was $1,912,890, of which $1,086,264 went to Democrats and $711,782 to Republicans, a 60.4 to 39.6 percent split.[19] PACs supplied $1,096,000 of the 2024 total and individuals $724,261. OpenSecrets counts PAC money differently from the FEC filing totals above, so the two figures should not be compared directly.[19]

The company also publishes its own political activity reports. Its 2024 and 2025 annual reports say Capital One gives on a bipartisan basis and makes no contributions to presidential or judicial candidates. They say no PAC or corporate money went to independent expenditures or ballot measures.[20][21]

In 2024, the largest House gifts went to Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) at $9,000 and Rep. Richard Neal (D-Mass.) at $7,500. The largest Senate gift went to Sen. Lisa Blunt Rochester (D-Del.) at $10,000.[20] In 2025, the largest House gifts were $10,000 each to Johnson and Rep. Tom Emmer (R-Minn.). The largest Senate gifts were $7,500 each to Sen. Bill Hagerty (R-Tenn.) and Sen. Mark Warner (D-Va.).[21]

The reports also list the part of trade group dues used for lobbying. The Electronic Payments Coalition led both years, at $1,110,000 in 2024 and $1,695,000 in 2025. The American Bankers Association was second, at $315,000 and then $285,000.[20][21] At the state level in 2025, the company gave $173,500 to the Democratic Governors Association and $70,500 to the Democratic Attorneys General Association. It gave $50,000 each to the Republican Governors Association and the Republican Attorneys General Association, $35,000 to the Republican State Leadership Committee and $25,000 to GOPAC.[21] A board committee made up entirely of independent directors oversees this spending.[20][21]

Lobbying is reported by calendar year, not by election cycle. Capital One's own federal lobbying reports show $2,690,000 in 2023, $4,080,000 in 2024 and $4,940,000 in 2025.[22][23][8] Quarterly spending peaked at $1,800,000 in the third quarter of 2025, the first full quarter after the Discover deal closed.[8] For January through June 2026, the company reported $2,190,000.[24] The 2025 filings list issues including the corporate tax rate and the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, antitrust, lending and payment systems, bills on fraud and scam prevention, and community development lenders.[8]

The Discover Deal and the Washington Fight

Capital One agreed to buy Discover Financial Services on February 19, 2024.[25] Five months later it announced a five-year Community Benefits Plan worth $265 billion, tied to the deal's closing. The plan included $200 billion in consumer loans to low- and moderate-income (LMI) borrowers or communities. It also included $44 billion for community development, $15 billion in small business loans and $5 billion in spending with "diverse suppliers." The rest was $600 million for nonprofit community development financial institutions (CDFIs), lenders focused on affordable housing, small business and consumer loans, and $575 million in philanthropy.[26] Community groups including NeighborWorks America and the Opportunity Finance Network helped develop it. Its announcement spoke of expanding opportunity in "communities of color."[26] The plan's current web page, accessed in October 2026, describes LMI lending and housing goals. It does not use the phrases "communities of color" or "diverse suppliers."[27] Capital One's first progress report, covering July through December 2025, said about $43 billion had been deployed, including $34.7 billion in card and auto lending. It reported $858 million toward the $5 billion supplier goal, now labeled "Supplier Development Spend" and described as "helping local small businesses grow, hire and build long-term stability."[28][29]

The Federal Reserve and the OCC approved the deal on April 18, 2025.[5] On May 2, 2025, Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) and Rep. Maxine Waters (D-Calif.) asked the Fed to reconsider. They wrote that the approval "will inflict serious harm on consumers and merchants."[6] Warren also urged the Justice Department's antitrust chief to sue to block the $35.3 billion merger. News reports said the department had found too little evidence to challenge it.[7] The deal closed on May 18, 2025. It brought the Discover, PULSE and Diners Club International networks into Capital One.[25]

A Shrinking Diversity Section

A 10-K is the annual report a public company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Its "Human Capital" section describes how the company manages its workforce. Capital One's wording there changed across three straight filings.

The filing made February 22, 2024, covering 2023, said the company's practices were "designed to develop an inclusive work environment." It had a subsection titled "Diversity, Inclusion and Belonging" and named a "Chief Diversity & Inclusion Officer." It reported that "approximately 51% of associates are racially/ethnically diverse." It also said the company paid women 100 percent of what men are paid, and paid racially or ethnically diverse U.S. associates 100 percent of what white associates are paid.[30]

The filing made February 20, 2025, covering 2024, swapped "inclusive work environment" for "collaborative work environment." The "Diversity, Inclusion and Belonging" subsection and the workforce and pay gap figures were gone. The board's oversight of "diversity, inclusion and belonging" and the Chief Diversity & Inclusion Officer were still mentioned.[31][32] The filing made February 19, 2026, covering 2025, contains none of the words diversity, inclusion or belonging in that section. It keeps "rewarding employees based on the merit of their work" and "pay equity is an important element of our pay philosophy."[2]

Climate, Guns and Lending Lines

Capital One's sustainability page lists goals for 2030 for its own operations. They include cutting direct emissions 50 percent and certain supply chain emissions 50 percent from 2019 levels, and continuing to buy 100 percent renewable energy. The page does not mention net zero targets or emissions from the bank's lending.[33] The 2025 10-K describes climate change as an area of regulatory focus and lists it among business risks.[2]

No published firearms lending policy specific to Capital One was found for this profile. The OCC report's gun example for Capital One is the gun rights group described above, which the bank passed on "due to optics."[1]

A Maryland gun store has also sued. United Gun Shop of Rockville filed suit against Capital One and Melio Payments on April 14, 2026, in Montgomery County Circuit Court.[34] The store says it was cut off from a Capital One bill-paying service for businesses. An April 2025 message from Capital One Pay Business Bills, published by The Daily Wire, said the store's account "appears to belong to one of our prohibited industries."[35] A March 2026 email from Capital One Business said the account had been "disabled from completing any transactions" and listed a "restricted industry" as one reason.[35][36] Capital One did not respond to The Daily Wire's requests for comment on the lawsuit.[35]

Consumer Cases and Conduct

Capital One was the target of the first public enforcement action by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). In July 2012, the CFPB ordered it to refund about $140 million to roughly two million customers and pay a $25 million penalty. The bureau said call center vendors used high pressure or misleading tactics to sell add-on card products such as payment protection and credit monitoring.[37] That same month, Capital One agreed to pay about $12 million to settle a Justice Department suit under the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, a law that protects active duty military members. The department alleged it had foreclosed on homes and repossessed vehicles of service members without court orders.[38]

The CFPB sued Capital One again on January 14, 2025. It alleged the bank kept rates low on its 360 Savings accounts while offering a nearly identical 360 Performance Savings account. The CFPB dropped the case on February 27, 2025. New York Attorney General Letitia James filed a similar suit that May. Capital One said it strongly disagreed and would "vigorously defend" itself.[39]

A $425 million class settlement was announced in May 2025, with no admission of wrongdoing.[40] U.S. District Judge David Novak rejected it in November 2025, finding it would not fairly pay depositors.[41] A revised $425 million deal also requires Capital One to match the two accounts' rates. It won preliminary approval in January 2026, and James said her office would drop its suit once the deal took effect.[42] It won final approval in April 2026.[43]

Earlier, a 2019 hack exposed data on about 100 million U.S. customers. In August 2020, the OCC fined Capital One $80 million over cloud security failures tied to the breach.[44] A Seattle jury convicted the hacker, software engineer Paige Thompson, of wire fraud and computer crimes in June 2022. She was sentenced to time served and five years of probation.[45]

Pay, Profits and the Shareholder Ballot

Capital One reported total net revenue of $53.4 billion for 2025, up 37 percent with Discover included. Net income was $2.5 billion.[46] The board approved $40 million in 2025 pay for founder and CEO Richard Fairbank, up from $33.5 million for 2024. He also received a one-time award of about $30 million tied to the Discover deal in June 2025.[47] The 2026 proxy statement says the CEO "does not receive a cash salary." It also shows that one director, J. Michael Shepherd, once served as Senior Deputy Comptroller of the Currency, a senior post at the agency that supervises Capital One's bank, and as Associate Counsel to the President.[48]

The only shareholder proposal at the May 2026 annual meeting sought a shareholder vote on golden parachute pay, and it failed. No political spending, diversity or climate proposals were on that ballot.[49]

Recent News

Capital One closed its $5.15 billion purchase of Brex, a corporate card and expense software company, on April 7, 2026. Capital One calls Brex an "AI-native" platform that lets businesses issue corporate cards, track expenses and make payments in real time.[50] In January 2026, Capital One shares fell 6.2 percent in morning trading after President Trump called for a one-year 10 percent cap on credit card interest rates.[51]

In June 2026, Trump nominated Brian Johnson, a Capital One vice president and former CFPB deputy director, to lead the CFPB. Warren then wrote to Eric Trump asking whether the family planned to refile against Capital One. She said she would add any reply to the record of Johnson's nomination.[52] The Senate Banking Committee advanced Johnson 13 to 11 on September 17, 2026. Johnson told senators he appeared "in my personal capacity."[53]

Products and Services

Capital One runs three main segments: Credit Card, Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking.[2] It issues cards under the Capital One and Discover names and offers online savings accounts, including its 360 line. It also makes auto loans and serves customers through branches and Capital One Cafés.[2][39][54]

How It Started

In 1988, Fairbank and his business partner Nigel Morris pitched their idea for data-driven credit cards to 20 banks. All 20 turned them down. Signet Banking Corp. of Richmond, Virginia, hired them to run a new card division.[54] In 1994, Signet spun that division off as Capital One, selling shares in an initial public offering that November.[55] Fairbank later called the founding idea an "information-based strategy." Card issuers had customer data, he said, but "didn't use it, they didn't capture it, and they certainly didn't save it."[56] Fairbank remains founder, chairman and CEO.[46]

Where to Find Them

Capital One operates branches, Cafés and ATMs along with online and mobile banking. Accounts, card offers and locations are at capitalone.com.[2]

Footnotes

[1] Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, "Guaranteeing Fair Banking for All Americans," October 14, 2026. https://www.occ.gov/news-issuances/news-releases/2026/nr-occ-2026-90a.pdf

[2] Capital One Financial Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025, filed February 19, 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/927628/000092762826000024/cof-20251231.htm

[3] Associated Press (via OPB), "Trump Organization sues Capital One for closing bank accounts after Jan. 6 attack on US Capitol," March 8, 2025. https://opb.org/article/2025/03/07/trump-organization-sues-capital-one-for-closing-bank-accounts-after-jan-6-attack-on-us-capitol

[4] Dan Ennis, Banking Dive, "Trump's Capital One accounts closed after AML review, bank says," August 4, 2026. https://www.bankingdive.com/news/capital-one-trump-organization-account-closing-lawsuit-aml-review-anti-money-laundering/826956/

[5] Capital One Financial Corporation, "Capital One Receives Final Regulatory Approvals for Acquisition of Discover," April 18, 2025. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/927628/000092762825000123/exhibit991-pressreleasedat.htm

[6] U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs (Minority), "Warren, Waters Demand Fed Reconsider Its Decision to Rubber Stamp Dangerous Capital One-Discover Merger," May 2, 2025. https://www.banking.senate.gov/newsroom/minority/warren-waters-demand-fed-reconsider-its-decision-to-rubber-stamp-dangerous-capital-one-discover-merger

[7] Dan Ennis, Banking Dive, "Warren prods DOJ to sue to block Capital One-Discover deal," May 14, 2025. https://www.bankingdive.com/news/warren-justice-doj-capital-one-discover-antitrust-competition-slater-sue/748061/

[8] U.S. Senate Lobbying Disclosure Act database, Capital One Financial Corporation filings, 2025, accessed October 15, 2026. https://lda.gov/api/v1/filings/?client_name=Capital+One&filing_year=2025&registrant_name=Capital+One

[9] Executive Office of the President, Daily Compilation of Presidential Documents, "Executive Order 14331: Guaranteeing Fair Banking for All Americans," August 7, 2025. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/DCPD-202500835/html/DCPD-202500835.htm

[10] Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, News Release 2026-90, "OCC Releases Report on Large Banks' Debanking Activities," October 14, 2026. https://www.occ.gov/news-issuances/news-releases/2026/nr-occ-2026-90.html

[11] Dan Ennis, Banking Dive, "OCC blasts debanking instances by JPMorgan, others in report," October 14, 2026. https://www.bankingdive.com/news/occ-debanking-report-trump-gould-jpmorgan-bofa-capital-one-td-cfpb/832997/

[12] Jennifer Schonberger and David Hollerith, Yahoo Finance, "Federal watchdog says 9 large US banks denied service to customers over political or religious views," October 14, 2026. https://finance.yahoo.com/markets/article/federal-watchdog-says-9-large-us-banks-denied-service-to-customers-over-political-or-religious-views-160634194.html

[13] Greg Norman-Diamond and Preston Mizell, Fox Business, "US regulator accuses nation's largest banks of debanking customers over political views," October 14, 2026. https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/us-regulator-accuses-nations-largest-banks-debanking-customers-over-political-views.amp

[14] Courtenay Brown, Axios, "Top regulator says big banks rejected customers over politics," October 14, 2026. https://www.axios.com/2026/10/14/occ-banks-debanking-politics

[15] Justia Dockets, "The Donald J. Trump Revocable Trust et al v. Capital One, N.A., 1:2025cv21596 (S.D. Fla.)," accessed October 15, 2026. https://dockets.justia.com/docket/florida/flsdce/1:2025cv21596/687220

[16] Erik Larson, Bloomberg (via Insurance Journal), "Trump Suit Against Capital One Dismissed But Can Be Refiled," March 23, 2026. https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2026/03/23/863055.htm

[17] ProPublica FEC Itemizer, "Capital One Financial Corp. Assoc. Political Fund 2024 cycle," accessed October 15, 2026. https://projects.propublica.org/itemizer/committee/C00326595/2024

[18] Federal Election Commission, "CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORP. ASSOC. POLITICAL FUND (C00326595)," accessed October 15, 2026. https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00326595/

[19] OpenSecrets, "Capital One Financial Profile: Totals," accessed October 15, 2026. https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/capital-one-financial/totals?id=D000021891

[20] Capital One Financial Corporation, "2024 Government & Policy Affairs Group Annual Report," accessed October 15, 2026. https://www.investor.capitalone.com/static-files/dd6c96c6-5d1c-4b5e-a382-45eab72497d6

[21] Capital One Financial Corporation, "2025 Global Policy Affairs Group Annual Report," accessed October 15, 2026. https://investor.capitalone.com/static-files/150996d9-6d7a-4e11-80c3-19bafd9bb6f0

[22] U.S. Senate Lobbying Disclosure Act database, Capital One Financial Corporation filings, 2023, accessed October 15, 2026. https://lda.gov/api/v1/filings/?client_name=Capital+One&filing_year=2023&registrant_name=Capital+One

[23] U.S. Senate Lobbying Disclosure Act database, Capital One Financial Corporation filings, 2024, accessed October 15, 2026. https://lda.gov/api/v1/filings/?client_name=Capital+One&filing_year=2024&registrant_name=Capital+One

[24] U.S. Senate Lobbying Disclosure Act database, Capital One Financial Corporation filings, 2026, accessed October 15, 2026. https://lda.gov/api/v1/filings/?client_name=Capital+One&filing_year=2026&registrant_name=Capital+One

[25] Capital One Financial Corporation, "Capital One Completes Acquisition of Discover," May 18, 2025. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/927628/000119312525122059/d934475dex991.htm

[26] Capital One Financial Corporation (via Business Wire), "Capital One Announces Five-Year, $265 Billion Community Benefits Plan in Connection with Discover Acquisition to Advance Economic Opportunity and Financial Well-Being," July 16, 2024. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240716113749/en/Capital-One-Announces-Five-Year-265-Billion-Community-Benefits-Plan-in-Connection-with-Discover-Acquisition-to-Advance-Economic-Opportunity-and-Financial-Well-Being/

[27] Capital One, "Our community benefits plan," accessed October 15, 2026. https://www.capitalonediscover.com/community-benefits-plan

[28] Capital One, "Community Benefits Plan Interim Progress Report," July to December 2025, accessed October 15, 2026. https://ecm.capitalone.com/WCM/stories/pdfs/community-benefits-plan-july-december-2025-interim-progress-report.pdf

[29] Tatiana Walk-Morris, Payments Dive, "Capital One provides Discover community investment update," July 30, 2026. https://www.paymentsdive.com/news/capital-one-provides-discover-community-investment-update/826588/

[30] Capital One Financial Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2023, filed February 22, 2024. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/927628/000092762824000094/cof-20231231.htm

[31] Capital One Financial Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2024, filed February 20, 2025. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/927628/000092762825000092/cof-20241231.htm

[32] Dan Ennis, Banking Dive, "Morgan Stanley, Capital One downplay DEI efforts," February 24, 2025. https://www.bankingdive.com/news/morgan-stanley-diversity-inclusion-dei-meritocracy-capital-one-pay-equity/740728/

[33] Capital One, "Our Sustainability Goals," accessed October 15, 2026. https://capitalone.com/about/our-commitments/environment-sustainability-goals-and-reporting

[34] United Gun Shop (plaintiff), complaint against Capital One, N.A. and Melio Payments, Inc., Circuit Court for Montgomery County, Maryland, e-filed April 14, 2026 (copy linked by The Daily Wire). https://www.scribd.com/document/1036217722/Filed-Melio-CapitalOne-COMPLAINT

[35] Leif Le Mahieu, The Daily Wire, "READ IT: The Message A Financial Giant Sent To A Gun Shop After Blocking Payment Access," May 8, 2026. https://www.dailywire.com/news/read-it-the-message-a-financial-giant-sent-to-a-gun-shop-after-blocking-payment-access

[36] Cam Edwards, Bearing Arms, "Maryland Gun Shop Sues After Being Denied Banking Services," May 10, 2026. https://bearingarms.com/camedwards/2026/05/10/maryland-gun-shop-sues-after-being-denied-banking-services-n1232476

[37] Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, "CFPB Probe into Capital One Credit Card Marketing Results in $140 Million Consumer Refund," July 18, 2012. https://www.consumerfinance.gov/archive/newsroom/cfpb-capital-one-probe/

[38] U.S. Department of Justice, "Justice Department Reaches $12 Million Settlement to Resolve Violations of the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act by Capital One," July 26, 2012. https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/justice-department-reaches-12-million-settlement-resolve-violations-servicemembers-civil

[39] PYMNTS, "New York Sues Capital One, Pursuing Similar Case CFPB Dropped," May 14, 2025. https://www.pymnts.com/legal/2025/new-york-sues-capital-one-pursuing-similar-case-cfpb-dropped/

[40] Jonathan Stempel, Reuters (via Yahoo Finance), "Capital One to pay $425 million to settle litigation over savings accounts," May 16, 2025. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/capital-one-pay-425-million-234746006.html

[41] Kevin Wack, American Banker, "Judge rejects $425M settlement in Capital One class action," November 7, 2025. https://www.americanbanker.com/news/judge-rejects-425m-settlement-in-capital-one-class-action

[42] New York State Office of the Attorney General, "Attorney General James Applauds New Capital One Settlement," January 12, 2026. https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2026/attorney-general-james-applauds-new-capital-one-settlement

[43] Mark Huffman, ConsumerAffairs, "Capital One's $425 million class-action settlement gets final approval," April 24, 2026. https://www.consumeraffairs.com/news/capital-ones-425-million-class-action-settlement-gets-final-approval-042426.html

[44] Willkie Farr & Gallagher, Willkie Compliance Concourse, "OCC fines Capital One $80 million for cloud security violations related to cyber breach," August 7, 2020. https://complianceconcourse.willkie.com/articles/news-alerts-2020-08-august-20200807-occ-fines-capital-one-80-million/

[45] Associated Press (via CBS News), "Seattle software engineer gets probation for 2019 Capital One hack," October 5, 2022. https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/news/paige-thompson-capital-one-hack-probation-doj

[46] Capital One Financial Corporation, "Capital One Reports Fourth Quarter 2025 Net Income of $2.1 Billion, or $3.26 Per Share," January 22, 2026. https://investor.capitalone.com/news-releases/news-release-details/capital-one-reports-fourth-quarter-2025-net-income-21-billion-or

[47] Caitlin Mullen, Banking Dive, "Capital One pays CEO Fairbank $40M for 2025," February 9, 2026. https://www.bankingdive.com/news/capital-one-ceo-fairbank-pay-compensation/811709/

[48] Capital One Financial Corporation, Schedule 14A Definitive Proxy Statement, March 25, 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/927628/000119312526124131/d701179ddef14a.htm

[49] Capital One Financial Corporation, Form 8-K (Item 5.07, 2026 Annual Meeting results), May 8, 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000927628/000092762826000050/cof-20260508.htm

[50] Capital One, "Capital One completes acquisition of Brex," April 7, 2026. https://www.capitalone.com/about/newsroom/capital-one-completes-acquisition-of-brex/

[51] Nathan Bomey, Axios, "Credit card stocks sink after Trump proposes interest rate cap," January 12, 2026. https://www.axios.com/2026/01/12/trump-interest-rate-credit-cards

[52] U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs (Minority), "Following Trump's Nomination of Capital One Exec to Lead CFPB, Warren Requests Update From Eric Trump On Family's De-banking Lawsuit," July 2, 2026. https://www.banking.senate.gov/newsroom/minority/following-trumps-nomination-of-capital-one-exec-to-lead-cfpb-warren-requests-update-from-eric-trump-on-familys-de-banking-lawsuit

[53] Sarah Wolak, HousingWire, "Senate banking committee advances Brian Johnson's nomination as CFPB director," September 17, 2026. https://www.housingwire.com/articles/brian-johnson-nomination-cfpb/

[54] Evan Sparks, ABA Banking Journal, "Nine Young Bankers Who Changed America: Richard Fairbank," June 26, 2017. https://bankingjournal.aba.com/2017/06/nine-young-bankers-who-changed-america-richard-fairbank/

[55] Signet Banking Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 1994, filed 1995. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000009659/000091664195000072/0000916641-95-000072.txt

[56] Michele Chandler, Stanford Graduate School of Business, "Richard Fairbank: Capital One Is Poised to Be the Biggest Virtual Bank," October 4, 2011. https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/index%2ephp/node/373121